Biochar has become increasingly popular in the environmental and agricultural sectors in recent years. It not only improves soil health and increases crop yields but also serves as a stable method of carbon sequestration.

So, how exactly is this black, magical substance produced? And what raw materials can be used to make it?  Reliable Machinery will break down the biochar production process in detail and provide a comprehensive introduction 

to suitable raw materials of its production.

I. What is Biochar?

Before delving into how biochar is produced, let's briefly understand it. Biochar is a high-density, high-carbon solid product obtained by pyrolyzing organic biomass materials under anaerobic or oxygen-deficient conditions 

at high temperatures (typically between 350°C and 700°C).

It possesses an extremely well-developed porous structure (similar to a sponge) and a huge specific surface area, making it excellent for soil improvement and pollutant adsorption.

II. What are the suitable raw materials for biochar production?

1. Agricultural and forestry waste

This is currently the most widely used and lowest-cost source of raw materials:

Straws: Corn stalks, wheat stalks, rice stalks, cotton stalks, etc. These materials are abundant and widely distributed. If not properly treated (e.g., burned), they will cause environmental pollution. 

Making biochar is a good way to achieve resource utilization.

Forestry residues: Wood chips, bark, branches, sawdust, pruned branches and leaves. Biochar made from wood materials usually has high hardness and good pore structure.

Grain husks: Rice husks, peanut shells, coconut shells, walnut shells, etc. Biochar made from these raw materials has different ash contents (e.g., rice husks have high ash content but are rich in silicon), and have specific application value.

2. Agricultural Processing By-products

Sugarcane bagasse: Waste from the sugar industry.

Distillers' grains: By-product from the brewing industry.

Fruit pomace: Residue of fruit peels and pits left after juicing or making sauces.

3. Livestock and Poultry Manure

Chicken , pig, and cow manure, etc. Biochar made from these raw materials is usually rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, making it an excellent soil conditioner 

and slow-release fertilizer carrier. It is important to note that manure raw materials need to undergo pretreatment to remove odors and pathogens, and the pyrolysis process can effectively solidify heavy metals.

4. Urban Organic Waste

Garden Waste: Grass clippings and fallen leaves from green belts.

Sewage Sludge: Biochar produced from the pyrolysis of dewatered sludge can effectively fix heavy metals in the sludge and reduce its volume, but its safety must be strictly tested.

III. How to Produce Biochar? (Detailed Steps and Methods) 

Having understood the raw materials, let's look at the core question: how to make  biochar? The key to production lies in "oxygen deficiency" and "temperature control." It is mainly divided into traditional methods 

and modern industrial methods.

Pyrolysis (High Efficiency, Controllable, Environmentally Friendly) 

Modern industrial production largely utilizes pyrolysis reactors, resulting in a more precise process.

Raw Material Pretreatment:

* Drying: Reducing the moisture content of the raw materials (typically below 15%) to improve pyrolysis efficiency.

* Crushing: Breaking large pieces of raw material into uniform particles (e.g., 2-5 cm) to facilitate equipment feeding and uniform heating.

Pyrolysis Carbonization: The pretreated raw materials are fed into a carbonization furnace (e.g., rotary kiln, vertical furnace, etc.) and heated under isolated or oxygen-limited conditions.

Slow Pyrolysis: Slow heating rate, long residence time (several hours to several days), high char yield, and is the main method for producing biochar.

Fast Pyrolysis: Extremely rapid heating, primarily for producing bio-oil, with a lower char yield.

Product Separation: Three products are produced during pyrolysis:

* Solid: Biochar (core product).

* Liquid: Wood vinegar (can be used as liquid fertilizer or pesticide adjuvant).

* Gas: Syngas (can be burned and reused to heat the carbonization furnace, achieving energy self-sufficiency). Cooling and Modification: The high-temperature biochar is cooled to room temperature, and sometimes 

activated or modified as needed (such as acidification, mineral loading) to enhance its specific functions.

  In conclusion, biochar production is a mature and environmentally friendly technology. Its key lies in using pyrolysis technology to transform waste biomass raw materials into high-value resources. 

  If you need a biochar machine,  Reliable Machinery is your best choice. We have 38 years of experience in manufacturing charcoal machine, exported to more than 80 countries worldwide. 

We offer various models of biochar make machine. As a professional manufacturer, our biochar machine is reliable and we will be your best investment partner