I. Main Machinery and Equipment of the Production Line (by Process Flow)

Stage 1: Raw Material Pre-treatment Section

Crusher: Used to crush large pieces of wood, branches, scraps, etc., into uniform small pieces.

Types: Disc crusher (suitable for thinner wood chips), hammer crusher (suitable for branches and miscellaneous wood).

Drum screen/vibrating screen: Screens out oversized or undersized particles, ensuring uniform particle size of raw materials entering the next stage, which is crucial for carbonization uniformity and shaping.

Dryer: Reduces the moisture content of raw materials (usually required to be below 15%). High moisture content leads to low carbonization efficiency, high energy consumption, and unstable quality.

Types: Airflow dryer, drum dryer. Waste heat from the carbonization furnace can be utilized for energy saving and environmental protection.

Conveying equipment: Connects various pre-treatment stages, such as belt conveyors and screw conveyors, enabling automated assembly line operations.

Phase Two: Molding and Carbonization Section (Core)

Molding Machine (Rack-making/Pelletizing Machine): Extrudes dried briquettes into solid rods (machine-made charcoal) or granules (charcoal pellets) under high temperature and pressure.

Core Components: Molding sleeve and screw, requiring high-strength wear-resistant alloy steel.

Carbonization Furnace: Pyrolyzes the shaped "charcoal rods" under oxygen-deficient or oxygen-limited conditions at high temperature, converting them into charcoal.

Main Types:

Continuous Carbonization Furnace: High efficiency, large output, environmentally friendly (can collect byproducts such as wood tar and wood vinegar), suitable for large-scale production. The mainstream choice for modern production.

Batch Type Carbonization Furnace (Kiln): Low investment, but low efficiency, high labor intensity, and difficult flue gas pollution control; suitable for small-scale or start-up stages.

Key Systems: Furnace body, heating system, sealing system, waste gas recovery and condensation system, temperature control system.

Phase 3: Finished Product Processing Section

Cooling System: The carbonized charcoal reaches extremely high temperatures and requires slow cooling in a sealed, oxygen-free environment to prevent spontaneous combustion and oxidation/pulverization.

Method: Water-cooled jacket, closed cooling chamber.

Sorting/Screening Machine: Removes broken charcoal and powder generated during carbonization, ensuring a uniform appearance of the finished product.

Packaging Machine:

Packaging: Select a simple sealing machine (for inner bags) or a fully automatic vacuum/nitrogen-filled packaging machine (for high-end brand charcoal, providing moisture protection, extending shelf life, and enhancing brand image) depending on requirements.

II. How to Scientifically Select These Machines

1. Raw Materials

Raw Material Type: Is it hardwood (e.g., oak, fruit wood), softwood, bamboo, or agricultural waste (coconut shells, straw)? Different raw materials have different fiber structures and lignin content, requiring different particle sizes, molding pressures, and carbonization curves.

Raw Material Size: Determines the model and power of the crusher.

Moisture Content: Determines the scale and energy consumption of the dryer.

2. Capacity and Budget

Define the Goals: For example, 500 tons, 1000 tons, or 3000 tons per year? This is fundamental to determining the scale of the production line.

Investment Budget:

Small/Basic Production Line: Semi-automation is recommended, primarily using intermittent carbonization furnaces. Core equipment (molding machine, carbonization furnace) ensures quality, while auxiliary equipment at the front and rear stages can be simplified or replaced manually.

Medium/Standard Production Line: Continuous carbonization furnace + complete pre-treatment (crushing, drying, molding) + basic post-treatment (cooling, screening) is recommended, offering a higher degree of automation.

Large/high-end production line: Fully automated, equipped with efficient and environmentally friendly systems and vacuum packaging, capable of producing high-quality branded charcoal.

3. Quality and Durability

Briquette Machine

Screw and Sleeve Material: Must be made of high-strength, high-temperature resistant, and wear-resistant alloy steel. This is the most easily worn core component; the material determines its service life and maintenance costs.

Main Bearing and Transmission System: Brand and reliability are crucial.

Motor Power and Stability: Sufficient and stable power is essential.

Carbonization Furnace:

Furnace Body Material: The inner liner must be resistant to high-temperature corrosion.

Sealing Performance: Air leakage will lead to low carbonization rate and unstable quality.

Insulation Design: A good insulation layer can significantly save fuel.

Control System: The accuracy of temperature control directly affects the moisture content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon content of the charcoal.

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